Public opinion research in Slovakia – Research No. 21 (June 1950) Výskum verejnej mienky na Slovensku – Výskum č. 21 (Jún 1950) SASD 1950005 Michal Malatinec

Slovak National Archives

Michal Malatinec SASD 2026 2026-09-24 Nesstar Publisher Slovak Archive of Social Data Public opinion research in Slovakia – Research No. 21 (June 1950) Výskum verejnej mienky na Slovensku – Výskum č. 21 (Jún 1950) SASD 1950005 Public Opinion Research Institute in Bratislava Public Opinion Research Institute in Bratislava Nesstar Publisher APVV APVV-22-0063 (https://sociologia.sav.sk/vyskumne_projekty.php?id=3304 ) Slovak Archive of Social Data 1 Ústav pre výskum verejnej mienky v Bratislave. (2026). Výskum verejnej mienky na Slovensku – Výskum č. 21 (Jún 1950) (Version 1) [Dataset]. Slovenský archív sociálnych dát (SASD), Sociologický ústav SAV. https://doi.org/10.34877/SASD_1950005 assessment of the educational effectiveness of media employment of women in transport experience with women in transport change in zeal for work job satisfaction participation in public events change in sociability of people mutual trust among people involvement of clergy in building support of JRD by the clergy listening to religious services on the radio satisfaction with the quality of sermons SOCIETY AND CULTURE LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT POLITICS The research is the 21st conducted by the Institute for Public Opinion Research in Bratislava, which was the workplace of the Office of Information (Povereníctvo informácií) from 1947 to 1950. The research was carried out on 27 June 1950 and covers the following topics: assessment of the educational effectiveness of media, employment of women in transport, experience with women in transport, change in zeal for work, job satisfaction, participation in public events, change in sociability of people, mutual trust among people, involvement of clergy in building, support of JRD by the clergy, listening to religious services on the radio, satisfaction with the quality of sermons. SASD provides a reconstruction of the research results, based on the final report prepared for government authorities. Neither the data nor the original questionnaire are available; SASD offers a reconstruction of the questions used in the questionnaire directly from the headers of the individual result pages, where the question wording is given in quotation marks; the basic results from the research are accessible online in an Excel file. The research was carried out using a purposive (non-random) sample designed to reflect, as closely as possible, the estimated structure of the population of Slovak society at the time. Since this was the post-war period and the last full population census had been carried out in 1930, with the next one not until 1951, quota sampling in the precise sense could not be used. The characteristics of the sample nonetheless suggest that, on several attributes, it corresponds to the structure of Slovak society at the time of the nearest census in 1951. This sample also records respondents' political affiliation (KSS members, SNO members, SS members, unaffiliated). 1950-05-27 1950-06-27 Slovakia Individual Population of Slovakia aged 18 and over Purposive (non-random) sampling, attempting to capture the diversity of the Slovak population in terms of sex, occupation, age, nationality, religious denomination, and political affiliation. Face-to-face interview Purposive (non-random) sampling, attempting to capture the diversity of the Slovak population in terms of sex, occupation, age, nationality, religious denomination, and political affiliation. The research was carried out through personal interviews conducted by approximately 200 external interviewers of the Institute, who mostly worked as educational and cultural workers in Slovakia. Interviewers were trained in the research method in writing and through informational brochures. Interviewers received questionnaires by post, together with instructions on which respondents to seek out in their area. Completed questionnaires were sent back by the interviewers by post. Face-to-face interview Structured questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions. Slovak Archive of Social Data (SASD) The data are freely available for scientific and research purposes with attribution to the source. When using this data, please cite the source using the bibliographic citation provided. The data and questionnaire have not survived in their original form. SASD provides a reconstruction based on the final report. Under the access classification, this is a category B file – available online subject to specific conditions set by the author or rights holder of the research. SASD is not responsible for any inaccuracies arising from the reconstruction of missing parts of the original document. SASD - data catalogue Public Opinion Research No. 20 (SASD 1950004) Public Opinion Research No. 19 (SASD 1950003) Public Opinion Research No. 7 (SASD 1948007) Tížik, M., 2022 – Zrod výskumu verejnej mienky na Slovensku: inštitucionálne a politické súvislosti. TÍŽIK, Miroslav. Výskum verejnej mienky na Slovensku - počiatky, križovatky a inštitucionálne etablovanie. Recenzovali: Jakub Rákosník, Jiří Šubrt. In Vývoj empirického sociologického výzkumu na území Československa. 1. vyd. - Praha : Karolinum, 2023, 222-285. ISBN 978-80-246-5422-5. ŠRÁMEK, Ľ., 2000: Výskum verejnej mienky – politika – média. Bratislava: Mediálne informačné centrum. BARNOVSKÝ, M., 2004: Slovenská spoločnosť v zrkadle výskumov verejnej mienky 1948 – 1949. Historický časopis 52(3): 469-502. sasd_1950005_data_en 1118 20 NSDstat Dataset 1 (English variable and value labels). Popular education Women in transport Work and employment Social life and interpersonal relations Clergy and religion Q1: MOST EFFECTIVE EDUCATIONAL MEANS Question 1. "Which of the means of popular education do you consider the most effective?: Lectures, books, radio, film, theatre or magazines?" (1 – Radio; 2 – Film; 3 – Books; 4 – Lectures; 5 – Theatre; 6 – Magazines; 7 – Don't know) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. 0 0 Q2: WOMEN IN TRANSPORT Question 2. "In your opinion, should women be employed in transport, i.e. on the railways, buses and trams, or not?" (1 – They should; 2 – No; 3 – Don't know) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. 0 0 Q3: EXPERIENCE WITH WOMEN IN TRANSPORT Question 3. "What has your experience so far been with women employed in transport, good or bad?" (1 – Good; 2 – Bad; 3 – Don't know; 4 – Does not travel) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. 0 0 Row "Zriadenci" (service staff): the value in the "Good" column is 44.0 in the original (the row sums to 100%), whereas Question 3/A gives a total of 40.0 for the same group. This is an inconsistency in the original 1950 report itself, not a transcription error – the transcription into Excel was verified by the user and matches the original. Q3A: WHY GOOD EXPERIENCE Question 3/A. (Those with good experience.) "If good, in what way does it show?" (1 – They are more respectful and polite than men; 2 – They are conscientious and skilful, capable of this service; 3 – They are more obliging; 4 – Other; 5 – Don't know) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. The "Total" column in the results table corresponds to the share of "Good" answers in Question 3. 0 0 Q3A: GOOD EXPERIENCE - OTHER (TEXT) Question 3/A – supplementary list. Free-form responses from respondents coded under 4 ("Other"). Open-ended question – responses recorded as free-form verbatim statements. 0 0 See the full transcription in the Excel file, sheet "Otázka 3-A" (below the table). Q3B: WHY BAD EXPERIENCE Question 3/B. (Those with bad experience.) "If bad, why?" (1 – Physically and nervously they are weaker than men, not up to the job; 2 – They are inattentive and unobliging; 3 – For moral reasons; 4 – Other; 5 – Don't know) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. The "Total" column in the results table corresponds to the share of "Bad" answers in Question 3. 0 0 Q3B: BAD EXPERIENCE - OTHER (TEXT) Question 3/B – supplementary list. Free-form responses from respondents coded under 4 ("Other"). Open-ended question – responses recorded as free-form verbatim statements. 0 0 See the full transcription in the Excel file, sheet "Otázka 3-B" (below the table). Q4: WHY FEW WOMEN IN TRANSPORT Question 4. "Why do you think more women in our country do not apply for work in transport service?" (1 – They are afraid, because the service is responsible and hard, not suitable for women; 2 – It is a service still unusual for women and little promoted; 3 – A woman belongs in the household; 4 – They are not politically conscious enough; 5 – They earn more elsewhere; 6 – For moral reasons; 7 – Other; 8 – Don't know) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. 0 0 Q4: REASONS - OTHER (TEXT) Question 4 – supplementary list. Free-form responses from respondents coded under 7 ("Other"). Open-ended question – responses recorded as free-form verbatim statements. 0 0 See the full transcription in the Excel file, sheet "Otázka 4" (below the table). Q5: ZEAL FOR WORK Question 5. "In the last 2–3 years or so, has your willingness and zeal for work improved, stayed the same as before, or worsened?" (1 – Improved; 2 – The same; 3 – Worsened; 4 – Don't know) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. 0 0 Q6: JOB SATISFACTION Question 6. "Are you satisfied in your current employment, or would you like to change it?" (1 – Satisfied; 2 – Would change it; 3 – Don't know) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. 0 0 The results table gives in brackets the answers to a similar question from Research No. 7 – December 1948 (SASD 1948007); no comparison is given in the original for nationality and political affiliation. Q7: PARTICIPATION IN EVENTS Question 7. "Do you take part in the public and social events organised in your area actively, without serious interest, or because you have to?" (1 – Actively; 2 – Without interest; 3 – Because they have to; 4 – Does not take part; 5 – There are no events) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. 0 0 Row "Robotníci" (workers) sums to 100.4% in the original. This is an inconsistency in the original 1950 report itself, not a transcription error – the transcription into Excel was verified by the user and matches the original. Q8: SOCIABILITY OF PEOPLE Question 8. "From your observation, are people now more sociable and friendlier with one another, the same as they always used to be, or less sociable?" (1 – More sociable; 2 – The same; 3 – Less sociable; 4 – Don't know) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. 0 0 Q9: TRUST AMONG PEOPLE Question 9. "What do you think, are people now more trusting and open with one another, the same as they used to be, or more distrustful and reserved?" (1 – More trusting; 2 – The same; 3 – More distrustful; 4 – Don't know) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. 0 0 Q10: CLERGY AND CONSTRUCTION EFFORT Question 10. "What do you think, is it right for the clergy to join in our effort to build [socialism], or not?" (1 – Yes; 2 – No; 3 – Don't know) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. 0 0 Q11: CLERGY AND JRD Question 11. "Do you consider it necessary for the clergy in villages to actively help build the Unified Agricultural Cooperatives (JRD), or not?" (1 – Yes; 2 – No; 3 – Don't know) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. 0 0 Row "Slováci" (Slovaks) sums to 105% in the original (41.1 + 28.2 + 35.7; probably a typing error for 30.7). This is an inconsistency in the original 1950 report itself, not a transcription error – the transcription into Excel was verified by the user and matches the original. Q12: RADIO RELIGIOUS SERVICES Question 12. "Do you listen to religious services broadcast on the radio, or not?" (1 – Listens regularly; 2 – Occasionally; 3 – Does not listen) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. The supplementary column "1" in the results table gives the share of those who do not listen because they have no radio (part of the "Does not listen" category). 0 0 Q12A: SATISFACTION WITH SERMONS Question 12/A. (Those who listen.) "If listening: Are you satisfied with the sermons delivered, or not?" (1 – Satisfied; 2 – No; 3 – Don't know) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. The "Total" column in the results table corresponds to the sum of "Listens regularly" and "Occasionally" in Question 12. 0 0 Q12Aa: WHY SERMONS UNSATISFACTORY Question 12/A-a. (Those not satisfied with the sermons.) "a/ If not, why?" (1 – Because of their political orientation; 2 – They are not religious enough; 3 – Priests do not have freedom of expression; 4 – Other; 5 – Don't know) Base for percentage calculation: total number of respondents. The "Total" column in the results table corresponds to the share of "No" answers in Question 12/A. 0 0 Row "Ukrajinci" (Ukrainians): the sum of categories (12.1) differs from the printed "Total" column (11.9). This is an inconsistency in the original 1950 report itself, not a transcription error – the transcription into Excel was verified by the user and matches the original. Q12Aa: REASONS - OTHER (TEXT) Question 12/A-a – supplementary list. Free-form responses from respondents coded under 4 ("Other"). Open-ended question – responses recorded as free-form verbatim statements. 0 0 See the full transcription in the Excel file, sheet "Otázka 12-A-a" (below the table). revised questionnaire